促進摔跤
職業摔跤從合法比賽演變成體育表演有兩個原因. 我已經寫了很多關於第一個原因的文章. 同樣熟練的摔跤手之間的合法比賽通常很長, 無所事事的無聊事務. 這些比賽讓球迷望而卻步，並阻止了職業摔跤作為觀眾運動的爆發.
我沒有寫太多關於第二個原因的文章. The emergence of powerful promoters in large cities or areas in the United States in the late 1910s and early 1920s. Once political connected business owners took over the sport, the business owners wanted to control all aspects of the sport including the wrestler who carried the world championship.
Photo of Jack Curley from 1910 (公共領域)
During the first couple decades of the sport, local sporting men often served as promoters by securing a venue for a match that they wanted to see. These backers often took a bath on the event because crowds numbered in the hundreds. The spectators did not generate enough revenue to pay the wrestlers or cover the rent for the venue.
The Edwin Bibby vs. Joe Acton match in 1882 is an example of this promotional arrangement. Local New York sporting men put up the money to rent Madison Square Garden. Bibby defended the American Heavyweight Wrestling Championship in front of three hundred spectators. The paying crowd did not come close to paying for the venue much less reimbursing the sporting men for the $350 winner’s purse. The backers took a large financial loss.
之間 1890 and 1910s, the wrestler’s manager also served as a quasi-promoter in lining up backers and venues for big matches. 在 1910, Frank Goth’s manager, 埃米爾·克蘭克, arranged with Chicago’s Empire Club for the club to secure a venue for Gotch’s title defense with Stanislaus Zbyszko.
Gotch demanded sixty percent of the gate receipts. The Empire Club took thirty-five percent leaving Zbyszko with only five percent of the gate.
In the early 1910s, local business men began opening promotions in the larger cities and towns. Jerry M. Walls may be the first regular promoter of a town. He managed Ed “Strangler” Lewis during Lewis’ time in Kentucky. Walls gave Lewis his name as Lewis previously wrestled under his real name, Robert Friedrich, or Fredrick.
Photo of Paul Bowser as a wrestler in 1914. He promoted professional wrestling in Boston for several decades. (公共領域)
Walls promoted Lexington, Kentucky, his hometown and Louisville, Kentucky, between 1913 和 1915. Lewis regularly main evented these cards.
When Lewis left for New York with a new manager, 比利·桑多, Walls quit promoting both wrestling and boxing. I cannot find any reference to him after 1915.
Jack Curley set himself up as the first big city promoter, when Curley opened his promotion in New York City during 1915. Curley partnered with Sam Rachmann on Rachmann’s fall version of the 1915 New York International Wrestling Tournament.
原來, Curley promoted boxing and wrestling. Tex Rickard squeezed Curley out of boxing, so Curley focused on professional wrestling. Using his political connections and control of the biggest potential market in the country, Curley soon controlled the world championship.
By the early 1920s, Paul Bowser set up his promotion in Boston. Tom Packs controlled St. 路易. Other regional promoters opened promotions in large to mid-size cities throughout the United States and Canada. These promoters wanted to control everything in professional wrestling, so they effectively ended legitimate contests. The only legitimate contests after local promotions appeared were double-crosses or agreed upon contests to settle promotional differences. Legitimate professional wrestling ended in America.
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Sources: The New York Times, 八月 8, 1882, P. 2, 明星論壇報 (明尼亞波利斯, Minnesota), 二月 15, 1910, P. 10 和 The Lexington Herald, 七月 1, 1913, P. 9
